First Annual National Conference for Creating Trauma-Sensitive Schools: Call for Workshop Proposals—The Attachment & Trauma Network, Inc. is hosting this National Conference for Creating Trauma-Sensitive Schools in Washington, DC February 19-20, 2018 to give educators and other child-serving professionals and interested parties a platform to explore the importance of trauma-informed care. Early childhood trauma impacts a child’s ability to learn and develop which emphasizes the necessity of addressing ACEs in schools. A committee is now accepting session proposals until November 1st and will be evaluated based on relevance, innovation, perspective, effectiveness, application, and interactivity. If the hyperlink does not work, please copy and paste this link in your browser http://www.acesconnection.com/blog/1st-annual-nat-l-conference-for-creating-trauma-sensitive-schools-call-for-workshop-proposals
First Annual National Conference for Creating Trauma-Sensitive Schools: Call for Workshop Proposals—The Attachment & Trauma Network, Inc. is hosting this National Conference for Creating Trauma-Sensitive Schools in Washington, DC February 19-20, 2018 to give educators and other child-serving professionals and interested parties a platform to explore the importance of trauma-informed care. Early childhood trauma impacts a child’s ability to learn and develop which emphasizes the necessity of addressing ACEs in schools. A committee is now accepting session proposals until November 1st and will be evaluated based on relevance, innovation, perspective, effectiveness, application, and interactivity. If the hyperlink does not work, please copy and paste this link in your browser http://www.acesconnection.com/blog/1st-annual-nat-l-conference-for-creating-trauma-sensitive-schools-call-for-workshop-proposals
Promoting Self-Regulation in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Practice Brief, FPG.unc.edu – This brief defines self-regulation as “the act of managing thoughts and feelings to enable goal-directed actions,” explains the important role caregivers and mentors have in shaping self-regulation skills in adolescents and young adults, and describes the positive impacts good self-regulation can have on an individual.
Standing Together With One Voice Against Domestic Violence, NBCNews.com – This editorial describes the importance of disseminating information about domestic violence and facilitating conversations about its effects on individuals, children, and communities. It directly addresses men and their role in preventing domestic violence, and offers steps they can take to prevent violence against women and girls.
Your Baby’s Brain May Already Hold Signs of Anxiety and Depression, TheStir.CafeMom.com – This article discusses a recent study from the Washington University School of Medicine that found patterns in some children’s brains from birth that are linked to an increased likeliness of negative mental health outcomes later in life including separation anxiety, anxiety, and depression.
Can a Difficult Childhood Enhance Cognition, TheAtlantic.com – This article highlights new research published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in 2015, in which researchers found that participants with unpredictable childhoods performed better in attention-shifting tasks and experienced other boosts in types of thinking.
Mindfulness May Rival Talk Therapy for A Variety of Mental Health Issues, Forbes.com – This article discusses preliminary research on the effect of mindfulness-based group training (MGT) versus standard cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and found that MGT was as effective as individual CBT for treating typical depression and anxiety symptoms.
Yoga Helps At-Risk Girls Cope With Trauma, Georgetown Law Report Finds, Georgetown.edu – This article describes a new report on gender and trauma which found that tailored yoga and mindfulness programs were uniquely effective in supporting girls who experienced trauma. Trauma-informed yoga practices were cost-effective, sustainable, and successful.
Study Finds First Molecular Genetic Evidence of PTSD Heritability, Harvard.edu – This report describes a new study from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium that found molecular evidence that genetics play a role in an individual’s risk of experiencing PTSD. The report highlights findings and links to the online publication of the study.
ACL Guidance to the Aging Services Network: Outreach and Service Provision to Holocaust Survivors, ACL.gov – Guidance on promising practices for conducting outreach and service provisions to the Holocaust population. ACL created this guidance as a vehicle by which the Aging Services Network can build stronger connections to organizations and stakeholders providing care to Holocaust survivors, to enhance services capacity and quality. The guidance examines the unique needs and challenges of serving Holocaust survivors, with a particular focus on mental and physical health, nutrition, transportation, caregiver support, outreach, legal and ombudsman services, with a foundation in person-centered, trauma-informed approaches.
Looking through the lens of 1000 Poulton at TEDxDunedin – A multidisciplinary, longitudinal study of 1,037 babies born began in Dunedin between 1972 and 1979. The study members have been followed up since birth, at age 3; then every 2 years to age 15; and at ages 18, 21, 26, 32 and, most recently, 38 (2010-2012). It is next planned to see the study members at age 45. Recent assessments have included a broad range of studies in the psychosocial, behavioral medicine and biomedical research areas. This TED Talk resonates with the ACEs study in the UD – the advantage of the Dunedin study being that they have followed 1,000 children over 40 years into adulthood, unique in the world.
'Perpetrator' Networks Key to Predicting Child Abuse, SocialJusticeSolutions.org – Defines “perpetrator networks” as the group of adults who present a potential threat in a child’s life. This approach changes the focus from the child’s risk of experiencing abuse to using a data mining algorithm to determine which adults are the most likely to pose a threat in a child’s life. Creating a widespread initiative will require policy and practice changes on national and state levels. This new tool would use a “social network analysis” of pre-existing widely available data to move past already existing predictive analytics tools. There are some data mining ethics concerns in play, to be resolved with further tool development and use.
Using the RPC with Military Connected Families, NCTSN.org – This podcast resource is hosted by Melissa Hoffman of the University of Tennessee Health Science Center. She interviews George Ake from the Center for Child and Family Health, who offers his personal experience with using the RPC with military connected families.
Think Trauma Toolkit, NCTSN.org – This resource provides training for juvenile justice staff and describes the process of creating a trauma-informed juvenile justice residential setting. It highlights the importance of gaining knowledge about trauma-informed care, modifying behavior, creating cultural and organizational paradigm shifts, and effecting policy and procedural change on all levels of the institution.
Sesame Street Plans Social-Emotional Learning Program for Refugee Children, EdWeek.org – This article describes a new Sesame Workshop initiative created in partnership with the International Rescue Committee. The goal is to “deliver transformative early learning and social-emotional support to millions of refugee children in Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, and Syria.” This project includes digital platforms and printed materials with relevant cultural content to be disseminated through schools, community centers, social protection programs, and health clinics.
Understanding and Responding to the Needs of Commercially Sexually Exploited Youth, NIH.gov – This article, published by the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, aims to increase awareness about the increase in commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC). The article provides guidance for identifying the risk factors for CSEC and treatment options that can help improve detection and care for this underserved population.
Human Anti-Trafficking Response Team (HART), CT.gov – The State of Connecticut Department of Children and Families (DCF) has increasingly sharpened its focus on the growing issue of domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) afflicting children across the state.
Safe Center for Human Trafficking Survivors, UMDSafeCenter.org - The University of Maryland Safe Center for Human Trafficking Survivors provides survivor-centered and trauma-informed services that empower trafficking survivors to heal and reclaim their lives. The Center also prevents trafficking and better serves survivors through research and policy advocacy.
ACEs articles by category Oct 18, 2016 – Wisconsin Dept of Health Services, ACEsConnection.com – Scott Web, from the Wisconsin Department of Health Services, has provided a comprehensive list of articles about ACEs covering Adversity Impact; Brain and Biology; Bullying; Courts, Juvenile Justice, Corrections, and Probation; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; Resilience; Schools; Substance Use Disorder; and Trauma-Informed Care. To access this resource copy and paste the following link into your browser http://www.acesconnection.com/blog/a-month-of-aces-articles-by-category-wisconsin-dept-of-health-services
Animal Assisted Therapy Bill. Connecticut enacted this bill on October 1, 2013. The bill requires collaboration with mental health care providers to incorporate animal assisted therapy into therapy for children and youth, the development of a coordinated volunteer canine crisis response team, and the development of a results based accountability assessment of the results of animal assisted programs. This bill could set a precedent for other states to participate in animal assisted therapy.
At-risk girls prone to social withdrawal before acting out through crime.This article discussed a recent study published in The Journal of Interpersonal Violence, which found that girls who experience physical abuse as children tend to internalize their feelings and are often quiet and withdrawn, whereas abused boys more often tend to act out aggressively, getting into fights and trouble at school. Surprisingly, it was the girls who were withdrawn as children who were most likely later to exhibit antisocial behavior — reporting a pattern of abusive relationships and engaging in criminal activity — as adults.
Behind the Mask: Revealing the Trauma of War. A powerful website with stories about soldiers and their families dealing with brain injuries caused by blast events that change soldiers in ways many can’t articulate. Some use art therapy, creating painted masks to express how they feel.
Black Girls Matter: Pushed Out, Overpoliced and Underprotected. This report is based on a new review of national data and personal interviews with young women in Boston and New York. According to recent data from the U.S. Department of Education cited in the report, nationally black girls were suspended six times more than white girls, while black boys were suspended three times as often as white boys. Available on this website is the report, the executive summary, and a Black Girls Matter: Social Media Guide, which provides images, tweets, and key messages for use in promoting the basic point that Black Girls Matter.
Bringing ACEs to Church Leaders. Linda Ransons Jacobs is integrating ACEs information into DivorceCare for Kids, a nonprofit organization of 15,000 churches.
Building Resilience After Trauma. This website contains multiple resources on different types of trauma (i.e. domestic violence, sexual abuse, traumatic grief) and resources on treating special populations, such as homeless youth, LGBTQ youth and youth with substance abuse/dependence.
Bullied Kids May Have Double the Risk of Being Overweight at 18, PsychCentral.com – Studies have been done to establish the mental health problems associated with being bullied, but a new study from King’s College London introduces consequences to physical health. A longitudinal study shows an association between being bullied in primary and/or secondary school and being overweight as a young adult.
The Case for a Facility Dog Program. April 23, 2014. Policy Research Associates explains the benefits of having a facility dog in the courtroom, especially in cases where victims and witnesses have experienced trauma. The facility dog serves to calm and comfort the victim, which allows them to momentarily escape their trauma and gain the strength to testify against whoever abused them.
Child Welfare Information Gateway. This information portal lists resources aimed at adults who are survivors of childhood trauma. Childhood trauma has lifelong implications, and these resources aim to help the adult recover and move on from their traumatic experiences. Addressing childhood trauma in adults can help to prevent intergenerational trauma.
Framework for Prevention of Child Maltreatment. This page from the Child Welfare Information Gateway lists and explains the different levels of public health prevention: primary, secondary and tertiary. Examples of prevention strategies specific to childhood trauma are given.
Grandma’s Experiences Leave a Mark on Your Genes. June 11, 2013. This article published in Discover describes how scientists Michael Meany and Moshe Szyf started studying the epigenetics of trauma—how traumatic experiences can create changes in the epigenome, which can then possibly be passed on to offspring. Pharmaceutical and biotech companies are on the hunt for epigenetic drugs to treat depression, anxiety and PTSD where today’s drugs have failed.
How one generation’s experience can affect the next. It is now becoming more evident that the environments of both the mother and the father can influence offspring’s phenotype. While it is clear that the conditions experienced by parents can affect their offspring’s metabolism and risk for various diseases, it is important to be cautious in interpreting what this means for human health.
Job-Based Aid Programs Should Address Trauma. Employment is often a requirement to qualify for many federal assistance programs geared toward poor young families, but a new study shows that people who need the most help often have overwhelmingly high levels of adversity and exposure to violence that can limit their success in the workplace.
More Focused, Better Behaved Kids, Through Mindfulness. Advocates say that mindfulness, a behavioral learning approach that is experiencing exponential growth in schools across the country, develops a moment-by-moment awareness of one’s thoughts, emotions, sensations and surrounding environment. It has been shown to strengthen our ability to pay attention where and when we want. It can also help us regulate our emotions; grow understanding and compassion for what others are experiencing; wisely adapt behavior patterns; increase our ability to calm ourselves; and build resilience to life’s ups and downs. Students practicing mindfulness realize that if emotions escalate they need to take time to calm down and think, so they are able to avoid a regretful response.
NIMH-Funded Study to Track the Effects of Trauma, NIH.gov – Trauma related disorder affect millions of Americans. The National Institute of Mental Health is funding a study with the potential to identify underlying causes of impairment and new targets for interventions that will improve care for individuals at high risk of post-traumatic stress conditions.
Prison Born. The Atlantic.What becomes of the babies of incarcerated mothers? Research suggests that having nurseries in prisons leads to lower recidivism rates for moms and better outcomes for their kids.
Racing ACEs gathering and reflection: If it’s not racially just, it’s not trauma-informed, ACEsConnection.com – Racing ACEs acknowledges that there is an intersection between adverse childhood experiences and historical trauma and oppression. To access this resource copy and paste the following link into your browser http://www.acesconnection.com/blog/racing-aces-gathering-and-reflection-if-it-s-not-racially-just-it-s-not-trauma-informed
Safe Space, Safe Places: Creating Welcoming and Inclusive Environments for Traumatized LGBT Youth. The NCTSN Child Sexual Abuse committee is pleased to announce the launch of a new video which highlights the effect of trauma on LGBTQ youth; how bias impedes optimal care, and practical steps for creating safe and welcoming environments for traumatized LGBTQ youth. The video features five LGBTQ youth describing how trauma and bias have affected their ability to feel safe when seeking services. NCTSN presenters discuss specific steps that professionals and organizations can take to create safer and more welcoming environments for traumatized LGBTQ youth.
Safety Net Programs Don't Support High Rates Of Trauma In Participants. A recent study found that a high number of participants in a federal cash assistance program have suffered significant childhood adversity, exposure to violence as adults and other poverty-related stressors, highlighting the need to take participants' past trauma into account.
San Francisco Teens Study Adversity Among Their Peers. The research study, which recruited and surveyed 9th-12th grade high school students from Leadership High School during the 2015-2016 academic school year presents lessons that further emphasize the need for immediate action to address the problem of ACEs, particularly for youth living in marginalized communities.
The Science of Suffering: Kids are inheriting their parents’ trauma. Can science stop it? New Republic. November 16, 2014. This article highlights the trauma experienced by refuges, holocaust survivors, Native Americans, and other populations, and how their trauma has been passed on to the second generation. The article summarizes research that provides the scientific basis for this “transmission” of trauma and how it can help understand how trauma is passed on and why some individuals are more resilient than others.
Students with influence over peers reduce school bullying by 30 percent. Curbing school bullying has been a focal point for educators, administrators, policymakers and parents, but the answer may not lie within rules set by adults, according to new research. Instead, the solution might actually be to have the students themselves, particularly those most connected to their peers, promote conflict resolution in school. Peers influencing peers is a base of a test program called the Roots program, which engages the school's most influential students, only some of whom fit the typical profile of a student leader or a popular student, to spread anti-conflict messages.
Trauma Informed Care for Intellectually Disabled. (PDF, 651KB). Dr. Julie Gentile gives insight into how people with intellectual disabilities (ID) may experience trauma differently than non-ID people. She then gives suggestions on how to treat trauma based on the individuals’ developmental level.
Trauma may pave the road to prison for many women. This article by STWNEWSPRESS highlights that PTSD is the second most common mental illness among incarcerated women, with about one in five showing symptoms, or five times the rate for men.
Unique PTSD/Depression Risk Factors for Blacks, Latinos. A study analyzed certain types of negative experiences that may affect low-income African-Americans and Latinos and found five specific environmental factors, which the researchers call “domains,” that can predict adult depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Veterans: Serving and healing in community. The Telling Project organizes local veterans in communities across the country to share a professionally scripted narrative of their own stories to civilian audiences of family members, friends and strangers.
What Can Be Done to Prevent Child Abuse and Neglect? This is the seventh chapter from the Administration for Children and Families’ “A Coordinated Response to Child Abuse and Neglect: The Foundation for Practice”. This chapter emphasizes the importance of prevention as a strategy. Prevention efforts occur before a problem develops so that the problem itself, or the manifestation of the problem, can be stopped or lessened. Examples of prevention strategies are given, as well as links to organizations that actively work to prevent child abuse and neglect.
When puppets meet refugees, healing begins for children. This article discussed the use of puppets to help children process their trauma. "Syrian children who have seen their houses bombed and family members killed are using string, glue, socks, beads and other odds and ends to help put their lives back together. …"
Testifying in Court about Trauma: Following the Hearing, NCTSN.org – This is the last fact sheet in this series focuses on follow-through – for clinicians, clients, and their caregivers – after the court process. Because testifying in court can be a difficult and stressful experience for clients and their caregivers, clinician’s should follow up with them, to support them and give them the opportunity to ask questions. Clinicians must keep in mind that testifying can be indirectly traumatizing and that they should seek out strategies to prevent secondary traumatic stress.
Principles of Trauma-Informed Approaches to Child Sexual Abuse: A Discussion Paper, APO.org – This paper discusses the status of the application of trauma-informed care in Australia and identifies several challenges. While there is a significant interest in trauma-informed approaches to care, there is not yet a body of coordinated, publicly available material, or an agreement on how principles of trauma-informed care should be put into practice. The authors encourage the development of collaborative initiatives to design, implement, and evaluate systemic approaches to trauma-informed care.
Washington State Model Protocol for Commercially Sexually Exploited Children, ConstantContact.com - The Center for Children and Youth Justice aims to provide technical assistance and training to communities in adapting the commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) model protocol to localities throughout Washington State, and establish structures for ensuring continuing improvements to the protocol.
Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking/Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, ConstantContact.com – The Foster Family-based Treatment Association has provided a compilation of resources for providers of Treatment or Therapeutic Foster Care (TFC) to address the identification and treatment of victim-survivors of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking (DMST)/Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC).
Trauma-Informed Case Management Webinar Series, FreedomNetworkUSA.org – This practical 4-part training and technical assistance series for case managers and social workers working with trafficking survivors includes information on case management, confidentiality, referrals, intakes and safety planning.
Trauma Informed Care: Pediatric/Children’s Disaster Resilience Group Call, JBSInternational.com – This presentation provides general information about the impact of trauma at the individual and systemic level. It also provides information about evidence based practices for working with individuals who have experienced trauma and demonstrated how these practices can be applied following an environmental or man-made disaster.
A Call for the Integration of Trauma-Informed Care Among Intellectual and Developmental Disability Organizations. Keesler JM. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities. 2014,11(1):34-42. This article explains the previously unnoticed link between childhood trauma and intellectual and developmental disabilities, and makes recommendations on how to include trauma in the forefront of service delivery for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Behavioral control blunts reactions to contemporaneous and future adverse events: Medial prefrontal cortex plasticity and a corticostriatal network. Maier S.F. 2014. Neurobiology of Stress. Recently, it has become clear that the experience of behavioral control over adverse events produces enduring changes that reduce the effects of subsequent negative events, even if they are uncontrollable and quite different from the original event controlled. This review focuses on the mechanism by which control both limits the impact of the stressor being experienced and produces enduring, trans-situational “immunization”. Importantly, the joint occurrence of control and adverse events seems to produce enduring plastic changes in the topedown inhibitory mPFC system such that this system is now activated by later adverse events even if they are uncontrollable, thereby reducing the impact of these events. Other issues are discussed that include a) whether other processes such as safety signals and exercise, that lead to resistance/resilience, also use the mPFC circuitry or do so in other ways; b) whether control has similar effects and neural mediation in humans, and c) the relationship of this work to clinical phenomena.
Childhood maltreatment is associated with distinct genomic and epigenetic profiles in posttraumatic stress disorder. Mehta D et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences. 2013;110(20:8302-8307. This study shows that PTSD patients who were abused as children have different patterns of DNA methylation and gene expression compared to those that were not abused as children. 98% of the changes in gene expression patterns in the PTSD patients with childhood abuse did not overlap with those found in PTSD patients without childhood abuse. The researchers also found that epigenetic marks associated with gene expression changes were 12-fold higher in PTSD patients with a history of childhood abuse. These findings suggest that we need to rethink our classifications of PTSD, and therefore tailor treatment to each patient and his or her experiences.
Creating a Trauma-Informed Criminal Justice System for Women: Why and How. (PDF, 1MB). The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA) explains how there seems to be a pattern of the same women cycling through the criminal justice system, wrestling with persistent mental health and substance abuse issues. By placing interventions throughout the criminal justice system, these women can break the cycle of trauma and avoid incarceration.
Essential Components of Trauma-Informed Judicial Practice. (PDF, 2MB). In this document, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA) recommends implementing small changes to how a treatment court interacts with court participants, which will lead to more successful interactions and better chance of recovery and success for the participant. This trauma awareness is an opportunity to make small adjustments that improve judicial outcomes while minimizing avoidable challenges and conflict during and after hearings.
Estimated Annual Cost of Child Abuse and Neglect. (PDF, 415KB). Gelles R, Pearlman S. 2012. Chicago IL: Prevent Child Abuse America. This report includes the direct (hospitalizations, mental health care system, law enforcement, etc.) and indirect costs (special education, lost productivity to society, etc.) attributed to child abuse and neglect.
Implementing Trauma-Informed Approaches in Access to Recovery Programs. (PDF, 2MB). Access to Recovery (ATR) 3. This technical assistance package from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA) emphasizes the need for choice and experience-driven trauma-informed practices in substance abuse treatments. The paper gives examples of client groups and their unique needs and experiences.
Recognizing resilience: Learning from the effects of stress on the brain. McEven, B.S., Gray, J.D., & Nasca, C. 2014. Neurobiology of Stress. As the central organ of stress and adaptation to stressors, the brain plays a pivotal role in behavioral and physiological responses that may lead to successful adaptation or to pathophysiology and mental and physical disease. In this context, resilience can be defined as “achieving a positive outcome in the face of adversity”. The goal is to recognize those biological changes that underlie flexible adaptability, and to recognize gene pathways, epigenetic factors and structural changes that indicate lack of resilience leading to negative outcomes, particularly when the individual is challenged by new circumstances. Early life experiences determine individual differences in such capabilities via epigenetic pathways and laying down of brain architecture that determine the later capacity for flexible adaptation or the lack thereof. Reactivation of such plasticity in individuals lacking such resilience is a new challenge for research and practical application. Finally, sex differences in the plasticity of the brain are often overlooked and must be more fully investigated.
Strategic Action Plan on Services for Victims of Human Trafficking in the United States 2013-2017. (PDF, 3MB). This five year plan created by the President’s Interagency Task Force to Combat Trafficking in Persons aims to align efforts, improve understanding, expand access to services, and improve outcomes for people who are victims of human trafficking. This plan takes a person-centered, trauma-informed approach, and involves different branches and levels of the federal government.
Supporting Brain Development in Traumatized Children and Youth. (PDF, 533KB). The Child Welfare Information Gateway provides information on the effects of trauma on brain development. It contains strategies and tools to help caregivers identify if the child or youth’s development is delayed, and how to promote healthy brain development.
Trauma-Informed Approaches: Federal Activities and Initiatives. (PDF, 632KB). Federal Partners Committee on Women and Trauma. September, 2013. This committee is an intergovernmental effort to address the causes and consequences of trauma, with a focus on women and girls. This document describes how multiple federal entities are working together to make a trauma-informed world that is safe for women.
Trauma-Informed or Trauma-Denied: Principles and Implementation of Trauma-Informed Services for Women. Elliot DE, Bjelajac P, Fallot RD, Markoff LS, Reed BG. Journal of Community Psychology. 2005;33(4):461-477. This article seeks to bridge the gap between practice (service delivery) and philosophy (trauma theory, empowerment, relational theory). Examples of trauma-informed services in human services areas are given. The article recommends that consumers be directly involved with the design and evaluation of services.
Understanding the Effects of Maltreatment on Brain Development. (PDF, 193KB). This issue brief from the Child Welfare Information Gateway provides information on the effects of abuse and neglect on brain development. The issue brief includes implications of brain development on trauma-informed practice and treatment. Understanding the neurobiology underlying challenging behavior, and the child’s individual experiences, are valuable tools in effectively treating the child.
Working Effectively With Military Families: 10 Key Concepts All Providers Should Know. (PDF, 1MB). National Child Traumatic Stress Network. This list includes the different concepts that providers should be aware of when treating a veteran or military family with PTSD. Many support systems are available within and surrounding military communities, but mental health providers outside these systems should be able to support the resilience of military families and help them understand the importance of physical and emotional self-care.
Emerging Treatments for PTSD. Cukor J, Spitalnick J, Difede J, Rizzo A, Rothbaum BO. Clinical Psychology Review. 2009; 21(6): 559-569.This article examines the evidence for a range of emerging interventions, from social and family-based treatments to technological-based treatments. It also reviews recent findings regarding novel pharmacologic approaches. Most of these treatments require more research, but they are a strong start to the new frontier of PTSD treatment.
Neurobiologically Informed Trauma Therapy with Children and Adolescents. This book by Linda Chapman introduces a model of treatment grounded in the physical, psychological and cognitive reactions that children have to traumatic experiences. This book contains the most recent knowledge of the role of the right hemisphere in development and therapy.
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